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Real-Life Cimmerians

the Almugavars

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#1 John Maddox Roberts

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Posted 02 September 2012 - 03:14 AM

Just in case someone tells you that feats of arms such as Conan performs could never have happened in real life......

Back in the early '70s while living in Scotland I read a book called "The Catalan Vengeance," by Alfonso Lowe. It stuck in my mind and a few days back I ordered a copy from Amazon and it arrived two days ago. It tells the story of the Grand Catalan Company and their adventures as mercenaries in Asia Minor at the beginning of the 13th century. Most of the soldiers were Almugavars; Spanish light infantry. Their gear and fighting style had scarcely changed since the wars with Rome more than a thousand years earlier. An Almugavar usually carried a couple of javelins and mayby a spear, along with a short sword or a large knife. His only protective equipment was a skullcap helmet and often a smallish shield.He usually wore a tunic, a vest of wolfskin or other fur, leggings and hide sandals. That's it. Despite their light equipment, the Almugavars were regarded as the most fearsome infantry in Europe. Early in the book, Lowe gives the following anecdote to show just how tough these men were. It took place during a war in Sicily, when a band of Almugavars embarked on a ship to leave the island. As they pulled away, they saw one of their number running down to the beach with five mounted men-at-arms pursuing him.

"His officer, another Almugavar, prayed the admiral put him back on shore, but he arrived too late, for his man had been killed when he landed. Desclot describes how he attacked the first horseman with a javelin throw that pierced his coat of mail and drove through the center of his breast and killed him. Leaping aside, he met the next assailant, thrusting his lance through the horse, which fell dead on its rider, so that he could no longer rise. The three remaining Frenchmen, astounded and enraged, now charged him. At the first he cast his remaining javelin, through helmet and skull into the brain, so that he too fell dead. The other two were carried past by their impetus, giving the Almugavar time to go back to the rider pinned under his dead horse and cut his throat. The two survivors now rode to get between him and the sea, whereupon he hurled a stone at the first with such good aim that he hit him in the mouth and broke his jaw, at which the Frenchman turned his horse and made off. The Almugavar then thrust his lance at the last attacker, through hauberk and thigh, then withdrew it and speared the horse. As the shaft snapped the wounded Frenchman had time to get home a blow with his sword, making a wound the size of a handsbreadth. Weak now from loss of blood and reduced to his sword alone, the Almugavar was wading out to sea when he was overtaken by another party of the enemy and killed. 'But dearly was he bought,' says the old chronicler."

Dearly, indeed. A lone footman, lightly equipped, took on and defeated five mounted, armored men. Note that this is not a hero-tale, merely a bald account of the last stand of a nameless, ordinary soldier, who happened to belong to one of the toughest, fiercest peoples on Earth, a people who must have been much like the Cimmerians.

Edited by John Maddox Roberts, 02 September 2012 - 03:16 AM.


#2 docpod

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Posted 02 September 2012 - 06:04 AM

Poul Anderson's ROGUE SWORD is about the Grand Catalan Company. They had driven the Turks back in Asia Minor and had regained a fair amount of land for the Byzantine Empire which was lost again in short order when the Byzantines didn't pay up.

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#3 Fierro

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Posted 02 September 2012 - 04:17 PM

Oh, man! That's great stuff.

#4 constantine

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Posted 02 September 2012 - 05:36 PM

The Almugavars were a tough lot without a doubt. But they were not the most fearsome infantry of their time and their feats did not mean that the Catalans as a nationality were a historical version of the Cimmerians (i.e. ferocious hillmen/mountaineers, really hard to conquer).

The story of the Grand Catalan Company could have a counterpart in one of the free companies of the Hyborian Age. In fact, the Free Companions in SitM, whose deeds were shortly recounted by Conan, seem to have followed a similar, albeit unsuccessful, course with the Catalans.

Great deeds by individuals have been recorded throughout history. The pirate captain Blackbeard went down purportedly with nearly three dozen wounds. In 1814, a French Old Guard grognard was found dead and nearly standing on his feet (his back on a tree) with numerous Prussians heaped at his feet. The fellow was armed with cold steel and he had been shot on top of other wounds. Or so it was reported.

Real life Cimmerians in thematic terms? Maybe Highland Scots, medieval Swiss and various mountain peoples of the Balkans during the Ottoman period would be the closest I can think of right now.

Edited by constantine, 02 September 2012 - 09:42 PM.


#5 John Maddox Roberts

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Posted 02 September 2012 - 07:29 PM

Correction: I meant beginning of the 14th century, not 13th. While the Company contained horsemen, archers and various ranks and nations, especially among the officers, the Almugavars were a mixture of Catalonians, plus Aragonese, Navarrans and even some Majorcans. They were mostly descendants of people who fled the Arab conquest and took to the mountainous country of the Spanish-French border, from which they conducted raids on Muslim lands on their own account and were never part of the regular armies of any of the Spanish kings, who decided that it was easier and more profitable to hire them than to try to conquer or tax them. Here they are described by the soldier-chronicler Desclot:

"Now these soldiers that are called Almugavars are men who live for naught save only warfare, and they dwell not in towns nor in cities, but in the mountains and in the forests. And they fight continually with the Saracens and make forays within their land for a day or two, pillaging and taking many Saracens captive, and likewise their goods whereby they live. And they suffer many hardships such as other men could scarce endure...And these men are exceeding strong and are swift to flee or pursue."

#6 Fierro

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Posted 02 September 2012 - 07:32 PM

Correction: I meant beginning of the 14th century, not 13th. While the Company contained horsemen, archers and various ranks and nations, especially among the officers, the Almugavars were a mixture of Catalonians, plus Aragonese, Navarrans and even some Majorcans. They were mostly descendants of people who fled the Arab conquest and took to the mountainous country of the Spanish-French border, from which they conducted raids on Muslim lands on their own account and were never part of the regular armies of any of the Spanish kings, who decided that it was easier and more profitable to hire them than to try to conquer or tax them. Here they are described by the soldier-chronicler Desclot:

"Now these soldiers that are called Almugavars are men who live for naught save only warfare, and they dwell not in towns nor in cities, but in the mountains and in the forests. And they fight continually with the Saracens and make forays within their land for a day or two, pillaging and taking many Saracens captive, and likewise their goods whereby they live. And they suffer many hardships such as other men could scarce endure...And these men are exceeding strong and are swift to flee or pursue."

Sounds pretty damn Cimmerian to me...

#7 docpod

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Posted 02 September 2012 - 08:05 PM

The Almugavars are probably descendents of the Celt-Iberians.

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#8 constantine

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Posted 02 September 2012 - 10:06 PM

The Almogavars were basically a type of troops whose lifestyle had modified their way of warfare. They were mostly Catalonians whose region had been conquered by the initial Muslim invasion and partly freed first by Charlemagne's efforts.

By the time we can speak of recorded Almugavar activity (for example, when Bernard Desclot lived), the Christian-Muslim border had moved way south of the Pyrenees. In any case, the Almogavars did not constitute a distinct ethnic group and I really dispute the validity of the claim that they descended specifically from the Celtiberians.

I may have got a wrong impression here, but doesn't the thread title ''real-life Cimmerians'' concern ethnicities/tribal groups that had similarities with Howard's Cimmerians? If the definition is broader than this, then the Almogavars would fit as well.

#9 Ironhand

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Posted 03 September 2012 - 02:59 AM

Can anyone give us a hint on the pronunciation? Or at least what is the accented syllable?
"Did you deem yourself strong, because you were able to twist the heads off civilized folk, poor weaklings with muscles like rotten string? Hell! Break the neck of a wild Cimmerian bull before you call yourself strong. I did that, before I was a full-grown man...!" - Conan, in "Shadows in Zamboula", by Robert E. Howard
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#10 John Maddox Roberts

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Posted 03 September 2012 - 03:21 AM

Stress on the third syllable: Al-mu-GA-var.

Incidentally, their alarm/battlecry was "Desperta ferro!" which means "Awake iron!" or "Wake the iron!" which I think is way cool.

Edited by John Maddox Roberts, 03 September 2012 - 03:24 AM.


#11 ollonois

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Posted 03 September 2012 - 10:34 PM

a very interesting thread althought with a bit confusing title, the story of Roger de Flor one leader of the almogavars is pure Howard, they were hire by the byzantine empire to fight against the turks invaders, they won but the byzantines didn't pay and they sent alan troops at the service of the emperor that killed Roger de Flor, the vengeance of the almogavars is the catalan vengeance, they pillaged some regions in Greece conquering the duchy of Athens and calling it the duchy of neopatria and until recent years catalan people couldn't visit the Mount Athos,for long time catalan was a term used by the greek mothers to scared their children even today the term catalan have negative connotations in parts of Greece and the Balkans

the aragonese writer Ramón J Sender wrote Bizancio about the almogavars and the greek author Kostas Kyriazís has written a saga about Roger de Flor

http://en.wikipedia....i/Roger_de_Flor

http://en.wikipedia....Catalan_Company

http://en.wikipedia....wiki/Almogavars

Edited by ollonois, 03 September 2012 - 10:37 PM.

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#12 Cap'n Kidd

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Posted 07 September 2012 - 02:23 AM

Thanks so much for sharing this. I never heard of this race before.

#13 THE KID

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Posted 08 September 2012 - 02:37 AM

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Thanks John - I'm going to get this book to read.

I clicked I'd like to read it on Kindle.

Edited by Richard, 08 September 2012 - 02:37 AM.

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